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Samstag, 30. Juli 2011
The beans Jopo flowers Thailand in Orobanche crenata Forssk
berner, 20:26h
Several parasite species belonging to the family Orobanchaceas, among which stand out for their agronomic importance Orobanche crenata Forsk's, whose common name is broomrape. Parasitizes a large number of flowers Thailand plant species with particular aggressiveness and various legumes, among which are the Vicia Faba - Beans. The Jopo can cause serious damage in some areas is the limiting factor for cultivation, due to heavy infections cause total loss of production. Its height can reach one meter and even more, but current development is not as large and usually does not exceed 40 centimeters. The Jopo has a yellow or reddish purple. Terminal inflorescence may have up to 150 flowers Thailand. Seed production in the broomrape is very high. It varies between 50,000 and 500,000 seeds per plant, depending on its size. Broomrape seeds are very small, about 0.2 mm in length, even when they have no special morphological structure to be transported by wind, small size suggests that this factor plays an important role in its dissemination.
The broomrape sucks and utilizing water and nutrients produced by the bean plant so that it is hindered or even totally unable to continue their development Bean plants are attacked abortions of flowers Thailand, the flowers are pollinated fruits are often stunted dry. Jopo control is done through techniques such as crop rotation, use of tolerant and resistant genotypes, the destruction of affected flowers Thailand plants, the elimination of broomrape before fruition .... and the use of herbicides, whose active ingredient is glyphosate recommended. But each has issues to consider. The weeding, very costly and ineffective practice because jopos, once emerged, have caused the most damage to the beans. Delaying the flowers Thailand planting date the cultivation of beans. This date affects the time and stage of development of the crop in that installs the parasite and the intensity of their competition. A crop rotation in which only covered the beans or other crops susceptible to broomrape every 8 or 10 years, is an effective practice to prevent broomrape infestations.
Irrigation seems to be which decreases broomrape infestations. When the soil is infested waters, the competition-the jopos with the crop flowers Thailand reduces the number of jopos appearing in successive years decreases, disappearing almost completely within 2 to 3 years. Sterilization of soil by chemicals or sterilizing and heating of the surface soil layer at 50 or 60 degrees by covering it with sheets of plastic in the summer have proven to be also effective methods to reduce almost completely The germination of broomrape seeds. The introduction of genetic resistance to broomrape in the new varieties are not yet complete with practical results. Broomrape control herbicide has also received much attention. Were tested in the cultivation of flowers Thailand beans, a large number of chemicals for their efficacy in controlling broomrape and toxicity to the beans. Only propyzamide and glyphosate have shown positive results.
The broomrape sucks and utilizing water and nutrients produced by the bean plant so that it is hindered or even totally unable to continue their development Bean plants are attacked abortions of flowers Thailand, the flowers are pollinated fruits are often stunted dry. Jopo control is done through techniques such as crop rotation, use of tolerant and resistant genotypes, the destruction of affected flowers Thailand plants, the elimination of broomrape before fruition .... and the use of herbicides, whose active ingredient is glyphosate recommended. But each has issues to consider. The weeding, very costly and ineffective practice because jopos, once emerged, have caused the most damage to the beans. Delaying the flowers Thailand planting date the cultivation of beans. This date affects the time and stage of development of the crop in that installs the parasite and the intensity of their competition. A crop rotation in which only covered the beans or other crops susceptible to broomrape every 8 or 10 years, is an effective practice to prevent broomrape infestations.
Irrigation seems to be which decreases broomrape infestations. When the soil is infested waters, the competition-the jopos with the crop flowers Thailand reduces the number of jopos appearing in successive years decreases, disappearing almost completely within 2 to 3 years. Sterilization of soil by chemicals or sterilizing and heating of the surface soil layer at 50 or 60 degrees by covering it with sheets of plastic in the summer have proven to be also effective methods to reduce almost completely The germination of broomrape seeds. The introduction of genetic resistance to broomrape in the new varieties are not yet complete with practical results. Broomrape control herbicide has also received much attention. Were tested in the cultivation of flowers Thailand beans, a large number of chemicals for their efficacy in controlling broomrape and toxicity to the beans. Only propyzamide and glyphosate have shown positive results.
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